Conversely, in lower SES families, genetic differences might be restrained by poverty. It is reasonable to consider the possibility that heritability of intelligence is higher in higher SES families because such families seem likely to provide more opportunities to realize differences in children's genetic potentials. Although SES was measured as a continuous variable, the magnitude of genetic moderation found suggested an increase in the heritability of IQ from 5% in low-SES families (−2 standard deviations, SD), to 50% in high-SES families (+2 SD). Focusing on early cognitive development, the study found an increasing heritability of the change in IQ between the ages of 10 months and 2 years as a function of SES. The most recent twin study in this area reported significant moderation of the genetic component of children's intelligence (IQ, or general cognitive ability, g) by their parents' SES : a G圎 interaction in which heritability of intelligence increased with SES. The education, occupation and income of parents – indices of the families' socioeconomic status (SES) – have been found to moderate the heritability of their children's intelligence,. However, if the effects of genes and environments do not simply “add up”, i.e., if there exists a G圎 interaction, heritability will depend on the level of the moderating environment. The net genetic contribution to population variation, i.e., what makes one person different from another, can be expressed as a heritability statistic (h 2). height, into fractions attributable to genetic and environmental factors. Twin and adoption studies divide the population variation in a trait, e.g. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Ī key construct for understanding the interplay between nature and nurture is genotype-environment (G圎) interaction: Genes can have different effects on a phenotype depending on the environment, and environments can have different effects depending on genes, ,,. CH is supported by an MRC/ESRC Interdisciplinary Fellowship (G0802681) OD is supported by a Sir Henry Wellcome Fellowship (WT088984). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is supported by a program grant (G0500079) from the UK Medical Research Council the authors' work on environments and academic achievement is also supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health (HD44454 and HD46167). Received: AugAccepted: DecemPublished: February 1, 2012Ĭopyright: © 2012 Hanscombe et al. Scott, The University of Queensland, Australia Citation: Hanscombe KB, Trzaskowski M, Haworth CMA, Davis OSP, Dale PS, Plomin R (2012) Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Children's Intelligence (IQ): In a UK-Representative Sample SES Moderates the Environmental, Not Genetic, Effect on IQ. MHRA 'Cma - Child Models Agency', All Acronyms, 13 June 2023, Bluebook All Acronyms, Cma - Child Models Agency (Jun.

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